2011 Biology WAEC SSCE (School Candidates) May/June

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Biology 1 - Objective Test Questions

  1. The branch of biology that deals with the principles of classification of organisms is known as
    1. biological index
    2. nomenclature.
    3. taxonomy.
    4. ecology.
  2. Which of the following structures is a tissue?
    1. Vessel element
    2. Blood
    3. Sieve tube element
    4. Erythrocyte
  3. Which of the following cells are not regarded as specialized?
    1. Sperm cells
    2. Root tip cells
    3. Muscle cells
    4. Somatic cells
  4. Which of the following pairs of cells carry out the same function?
    1. Check cells and red blood cell
    2. Spermatozcan and ovum
    3. Palisade cell and epidermal cell
    4. Root tip cell and guard cell
  5. If amoeba is placed in a salt solution, the contractile vacuoles would
    1. be bursting more frequently.
    2. be more numerous.
    3. be formed less frequently.
    4. grow bigger before they burst.
  6. In which of the following habitats is Paramecium not found?
    1. Pond
    2. Aquarium
    3. Lake
    4. Puddle
  7. The following processes are involved in water movement in the endodermis except
    1. osmosis.
    2. vacuolar pathway
    3. diffusion
    4. active transport
  8. Cells that utilise a lot of energy are characterized by the presence of a large number of
    1. vacuoles.
    2. mitochondria
    3. endoplasmic reticulum.
    4. ribosomes.

    9. The diagram below represents the phenomenon of growth in a meristematic cell of a plant.

    Use it to answer questions 9 and 10

  9. The part labelled II in the diagram is
    1. centriole.
    2. chloroplast.
    3. chromatid.
    4. tonoplast.
  10. The part labelled I in the diagram is
    1. nucleolus
    2. centromere
    3. centriole
    4. spindle
  11. Secondary growth is brought about by the activities of the
    1. phellogen and phelloderm.
    2. phellogen and procambium.
    3. vascular cambium and phelloderm.
    4. vascular cambium and phellogen.
  12. A monocot root is different from a dicot root by having
    1. endodermis.
    2. cambium.
    3. wide pith.
    4. root hair.
  13. Which of the following statements best describes haemoglobin? it is
    1. yellowish in colour.
    2. a red blood cell.
    3. an oxygen carrying pigment.
    4. needed for blood clotting.
  14. Inhaled air is made warm and moist in the
    1. epiglottis.
    2. nasal cavity.
    3. trachea.
    4. mouth.
  15. Which of the following structures is not involved in respiration?
    1. Lung books
    2. Mouth
    3. Stomach
    4. Trachea
  16. Filtrate in the Bowman's capsule contains vitamins because
    1. only a little amount is required by the body
    2. they can be reabsorbed into the blood.
    3. they have low molecular weight
    4. most of them are fat soluble.
  17. More sweat is produced during muscular exercise because
    1. the contracting muscles produce water.
    2. fermentation occurs in muscles.
    3. the temperature of the body rises.
    4. the muscle fatigues.
  18. Which of the following neurons may not have myelin sheath?
    1. Effects cells
    2. Intermediate neurons
    3. Motor neurons
    4. Sensory neurons
  19. Which of the following is an effector organ?
    1. Tongue
    2. Skin
    3. Nose bridge
    4. Ear glands
  20. During sexual reproduction in Paramecium, how many times does the zygote divide to produce eight nuclei?
    1. 1
    2. 2
    3. 3
    4. 4
  21. The testes in male mammals descend into the scrotal sac because
    1. there is congestion in the lower abdomen.
    2. they run the risk of being destroyed.
    3. they need special support.
    4. they require a relatively low temperature.
  22. Some animals return to water bodies to reproduce because
    1. natural enemies destroy their eggs on land.
    2. water nourishes their embryos and their young ones.
    3. they are close to their ancestors and imitate them.
    4. the temperature on land is not suitable for the development of their embryos.
  23. Which of the following methods is appropriate for the cultivation of cassava?
    1. Budding
    2. Fragmentation
    3. Root cutting
    4. Stem cutting
  24. What will be the chromosome number of the hybrid of two varieties of a plant with 36 chromosomes in the endosperm cell?
    1. 12
    2. 24
    3. 36
    4. 48
  25. Kreb's cycle occurs in the
    1. mitochondria.
    2. cytoplasm.
    3. nucleus.
    4. ribosomes.
  26. The process whereby electrons are emitted from chlorophyll and returned to it unchanged is known as
    1. non-cyclic phosphorylation.
    2. photochemical reaction.
    3. photophcrylation.
    4. cyclic photophcrylation
  27. Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is not true?
    1. Plants can photosynthesize without an increase
    2. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by the leaves in bright light
    3. Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis from the breakdown of water
    4. Photosynthesis occurs in green plants
  28. The equation below represents the process of glycolysis

    equation

    X in the equation represents

    1. glucose diphosphate
    2. glucose phosphate
    3. glucose triphosphate
    4. fructose phosphate
  29. The removal of all the phloem tissues of the stem of a plant close to the root system for a long period of time is likely to
    1. provide more energy to the roots.
    2. accumulate more starch in the roots
    3. cause the underground roots to develop buds
    4. cause the plant to wither and die.
  30. The conversion of glucose to starch in the leaf during the day principally
    1. enables photosynthesis.
    2. prevents osmotic problems.
    3. enables the leaf to store the starch.
    4. enables glucose to be used up.
  31. Which of the following groups of substances are not six-carbon compounds?
    1. Glucose and lactose
    2. Lactose and Cellulose
    3. Glucose, Lactose and Pyruvate
    4. Pyruvate and cellulose
  32. A purple colour was obtained when sodium hydroxide solution and a drop of copper sulphate solution were added to a food substance. The food substance is likely to be a
    1. carbohydrate
    2. fat.
    3. protein.
    4. sugar.
  33. Which of the following enzymes is active in the duodenum?
    1. Pepsin
    2. Renin
    3. Trypsin
    4. Amylase
  34. The following organisms are producers except
    1. Hibiscus.
    2. Mushroom.
    3. Cactus.
    4. spirogyra.
  35. Which of the following structures produces the greatest variety of digestive enzymes?
    1. Salivary glands
    2. Pancreas
    3. Stomach
    4. Colon
  36. The following are abiotic components of an ecosystem except
    1. temperature.
    2. oxygen.
    3. bacteria.
    4. soil.

    37. Use the information on capture-recapture method to calculate the total number of organisms in a habitat.

    First capture = 200

    Second capture = 120

    Number of organisms with mark in second capture = 40

  37. The total number of organisms therefore is
    1. 200
    2. 360
    3. 600
    4. 800
  38. Ecological investigation in a habitat includes the following procedures except
    1. choosing a habitat.
    2. identification of specimens.
    3. determining the genetic make-up of specimens.
    4. measuring abiotic and biotic factors.
  39. Which of the following substances when lost from the body of a mammal will not be returned to the ecosystem?
    1. Sweat
    2. Urea
    3. Heat energy
    4. Carbon dioxide
  40. The rate of decomposition of organisms is faster in the tropical rain forest than in other biomes because
    1. of the relatively constant daylight.
    2. there are more plants per square feet.
    3. of abundance of water.
    4. of constant cool temperature.
  41. A xerophyte conserves water by possession of the following features except
    1. thick cuticle.
    2. sunken stomata.
    3. broad leaves.
    4. fleshy stem.
  42. The falling off of leaves of deciduous trees is helpful to the plant because it
    1. reduces the rate of transpiration.
    2. enables the plant to conveniently eliminate its excretory products.
    3. enables the plant to bear more fruits.
    4. ensures that the limited mineral salts get to only growing region
  43. A sample of wet garden soil of known weight was heated to constant weight. The loss of weight is due to loss of
    1. Water
    2. Organic matter
    3. water and organic matter.
    4. water and inorganic matter.
  44. Assuming that a period of stable population size is followed by a period when natality increases by ten (10) per cent and immigration increases by twenty (20) per cent of population size. The population size will
    1. be at equilibrium.
    2. increase by forty (40) per cent.
    3. begin to increase
    4. begin to decrease
  45. Which of the following methods does not make water fit for drinking?
    1. Addition of chlorine
    2. Boiling
    3. Distillation
    4. Addition of alum.
  46. Vaccination results in
    1. aiding red blood cells to carry more oxygen.
    2. production of antibodies which destroy toxins of gems
    3. arresting excessive bleeding.
    4. production of white blood cells which engulf and digest bacteria.
  47. Leguminous crops are incorporated into crop rotation in order to
    1. improve aeration of the soil.
    2. promote nitrogen fixation.
    3. increase the rate of soil formation.
    4. improve upon the water holding capacity of the soil.
  48. Which of the following practices improves crop yield in a clayey soil? Addition of
    1. more water and humus.
    2. lime and humus.
    3. fertilizers.
    4. weedicides and fertilizers.
  49. Which of the following activities promotes forest conservation?
    1. Lumbering
    2. Use of firewood for cooking
    3. Afforestation
    4. Production of paper.
  50. Which of the following statements is not true about continuous variation? It
    1. is usually controlled by several genes.
    2. can be influenced by environmental factors.
    3. follows a normal distribution curve.
    4. is usually controlled by one or two pair(s) of genes.
  51. Acquired characteristics are
    1. received from parents.
    2. passed to offspring,
    3. caused by the environment.
    4. caused by mutation.
  52. Differences in characteristics cbserved between individuals of the same species is known as
    1. trait
    2. phenotype
    3. mutation
    4. variation
  53. Which of the following statements best describes protein synthesis?
    1. DNA is directly involved in translation
    2. Translocation of the ribosomes exposes a new codon for base pairing with an amino acid
    3. Each tRNA with a particular anticodon always carries a different protein in the process
    4. One amino acid is always carried by more than one tRNA
  54. If a person has two allcles of the sickle cell anaemia gene, the person
    1. is a heterozygous carrier of the disease.
    2. is immune to the disease and cannot pcss it on to an offspring.
    3. has the disease.
    4. is probably of Asian ancestry.
  55. What is the probability of a man of blood group AB married to a woman of blood group O producing a child of blood group O?
    1. 0%
    2. 25%
    3. 50%
    4. 75%
  56. A man with blood group |A |A is married to a woman with blood group |A |0 , The blood group of their son is likely to be
    1. A
    2. O
    3. B
    4. AB
  57. Natural selection is a consequence of
    1. distribution of organisms.
    2. adverse conditions.
    3. variation in organisms.
    4. inbreeding.
  58. Which of the following components of Larmark’s theory of evolution is considered faulty?
    1. Individuals of the same species growing under different environmental conditions differ from each other.
    2. Use of certain organs result in development of those parts
    3. Unused organs degenerate
    4. Changes that result in individuals of the same species are transmitted to offspring
  59. A vestigial structure in humans is
    1. earlobe.
    2. toebone.
    3. tailbone.
    4. spleen.
  60. adenine pairs with thymine because
    1. the two occur in the same nucleic acid.
    2. one is a strong base and the other a weak base.
    3. two purine bases easily pair up.
    4. one is a purine base and the other a pyrimidine.

Biology 2 - Theory Questions

Section A - For All Candidates

      1. What is the effect of gravity on plant growth?
      2. Describe an experiment to demonstrate the effect of gravity on the roots of plants.
    2. Explain how bitter taste is detected in humans.
    3. Copy and complete the table below on endocrine glands and their functions.
      SN Endocrine Glands Hormone Produced Function
      1. Thyroid
      2. Insulin
      3. Development of secondary sexual characters of females
    1. Make a diagram 8 — 10cm long to show the relative position of the following organs in the mammalian gut:
      1. stomach;
      2. pancreas;
      3. liver;
      4. gall bladder;
      5. duodenum and label fully.
      1. List two diseases of the liver.
      2. state five effects of the diseases in 2(b)(i) on the human body.
    3. State the deficiency symptoms of the following vitamins:
      1. vitamin A;
      2. vitamin C;
      3. vitamin K.
      1. State the second law of thermodynamics.
      2. Use the second law of thermodynamics to explain the flow of energy across different trophic levels in a food chain.
      1. State three factors that can likely limit the size of human population
      2. Outline two ways each by which humans can overcome the factors named in 3(b)(i).
      1. What is the difference between the genotype and phenotype of an individual?
      2. State two factors each which determine each of the terms in 4(a)(i).
    2. In a breeding experiment, a homozygous black dog (BB) was crossed with a homozygous white dog (bb) to produce black puppies in the first filial generation (F1). The second filial generation produced a total of two hundred and forty (240) black and white puppies. With the aid of a genetic diagram, determine:
      1. the number of white puppies;
      2. the number of black puppies in the second filial generation.

FOR CANDIDATES IN NIGERIA ONLY

    1. Explain the following terms:
      1. putrefaction;
      2. nitrogen fixation;
      3. nitrification;
      4. denitrification.
    2. State three differences between nitrogen fixation and denitrification.
    3. Explain how nitrogen from urine gets to the roots of plants.
      1. What is immunity?
      2. Explain two ways by which a person becomes immune to yellow fever.
      3. Name four diseases for which babies are immunised.
    2. What is translocation?
    3. State:
      1. three differences;
      2. three similarities between the transport systems in flowering plants and mammals.

        Biology 3 - Practical Questions

        Section A - For All Candidates

        1. Study carefully specimens A,B,C and D
            1. Copy and complete the table below.
              Specimen Part modified to form specimen Mode of propagation Stored Material
              A
              B
              C
              D
            2. In a tabular form state four observable differences between specimens A and C.
            3. Crush a small portion of specimen D and divide it into three equal parts.
              1. Place a portion on a white tile and add two (2) drops of iodine solution.
              2. Place another portion in a test tube and add one (1) ml of distilled water and shake. Add few drops of sodium hydroxide solution and shake again. Slowly add a few drops of 1% copper (II) sulphate solution.
              3. Smear the third part on a filter paper, leave for about five (5) minutes and observe carefully.

                Record your results in 1(c)(i), (ii) and (iii) above as shown in the table below.

                Test Observation Inference
                (i)
                (ii)
                (iii)
          2. Study carefully specimens E and F and use them to answer questions 2(a) to 2(d).
              1. What class of organisms do specimens E and F belong to?
              2. State three similarities between specimen E and F.
              3. In a tabular form, state three differences between specimens E and F.
            2. State two ways each in which:
              1. specimen E;
              2. specimen F are of economic importance.
              1. State one observable feature each of specimens E and F and how these features adapt the specimens against predation.
              2. Name the habitats of specimens E and F
            4. Remove all the wings of specimen E. Make a drawing 8 — 10cm long of the dorsal view of specimen E and label fully.

        Section C - For Candidates in Nigeria Only

        1. Carefully study specimen J and K and answer questions 4(a) to 4(d).
            1. Name the type of refuse in specimens:
              1. J;
              2. K.
              1. List three animal vectors of disease causing organisms that breed on each of specimens J and K.
              2. Name four diseases each caused by the animal vectors associated with each of specimens J and K.
            3. Name one method of disposal of each of specimens J and K in:
              1. rural areas;
              2. urban areas;
              1. State four effects of improper disposal of specimen K.
              2. In a tabular form, state five differences between specimens J and K.
              3. Outline one way in which specimen J is of importance to farmers.
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