2018 Biology WAEC SSCE (School Candidates) May/June

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Biology 1 - Objective Test Questions

1. The scientist who introduced binomial nomenclature in the classification of organisms was
   1. Charles Darwin
   2. Carolus Linnaeus
   3. John Ray
   4. Louis Pasteur
2. Which of the following statements is true about arthropods?
   1. Prothorax bears only legs
   2. Mesothorax bears only legs
   3. Metathorax bears only wings
   4. Prothorax bears only wings
3. What level of organization is Spirogyra?
   1. Organ system
   2. Organ
   3. Cell
   4. Tissue
4. The streaming movement of cytoplasm within Paramecium is known as
   1. transpiration.
   2. digestion.
   3. cyclosis.
   4. Osmosis.
5. Which of the following cell organelles is found only in plant cells?
   1. Mitochondria
   2. Ribosomes
   3. Lysosomes
   4. Plastids
6. Active transport differs from diffusion in that active transport
   1. is a very fast process
   2. allows the movement of substances against concentration gradient.
   3. takes place in both light and dark reactions of photosynthesis.
   4. occurs in both plant and animal tissues.
7. The type of response demonstrated is
   1. phototropism.
   2. geotropism.
   3. hydrotropism.
   4. thigmotropism.
8. The conclusion drawn from the experiment is that
   1. shoots of plants are negatively thigmotropic.
   2. shoots of plants are negatively geotropic.
   3. leave of plants are positively phototropic.
   4. roots of plants are positively hydrotropic.
9. The odontoid process is found on the
   1. axis vertebra.
   2. atlas vertebra.
   3. thoracic vertebra.
   4. sacral vertebra.
10. A seedling was made to stand in a solution of red ink for three hours and a transverse section of the stem was examined under the microscope. The process being investigated was
    1. the importance of micro elements to plants.
    2. ascent of water through the xylem.
    3. diffusion of coloured substances.
    4. distribution of food in plants.
11. Which of the following structures would carry out respiration
    1. germinating cowpea.
    2. decolorized leaf.
    3. dry leaf.
    4. boiled cowpea.
12. Which of the following substances is not an excretory product of animals?
    1. Carbon dioxide
    2. Urea
    3. Sweat
    4. Oxygen
13. An example of homeostasis in living organisms is
    1. cooling effect resulting from evaporation of water from the body surface.
    2. root hairs of a plant growing towards a source of light.
    3. changing of the body colour of chameleon to match the colour of the foliage on which it is resting.
    4. the release of phosphorus into the phloem of a plant growing in a phosphorus-deficient soil.
14. Ultrafiltration in the kidney takes place in the
    1. renal vein.
    2. medulla.
    3. loop of Henle.
    4. Bowman's capsule.
15. The thyroid gland is located at the base of the
    1. midbrain.
    2. kidney.
    3. neck.
    4. liver.
16. Which of the following statements about the response of neurones to stimulus is correct?
    1. Neurones respond to stimulus of any strength
    2. Neurones respond to all stimuli applied in rapid succession
    3. Neurone respond more rapidly during the absolute refractory period
    4. Intensity of stimulus must reach a threshold value before the neurones can be excited.
17. Which of the following practices may lead to infection of the eye? Use of
    1. contact lenses.
    2. Convex Lenses.
    3. biconcave lenses.
    4. concave lenses.
18. The structures for gaseous exchange in breathing roots are
    1. stomata.
    2. lenticels.
    3. cuticle.
    4. mitochondria.
19. The adult insect in this life cycle is
    1. housefly.
    2. butterfly.
    3. cockroach.
    4. mosquito.
20. The larva is also known as
    1. nymph.
    2. maggot.
    3. caterpillar.
    4. chrysalis.
21. The source of energy required by plants during food production is
    1. photosynthesis.
    2. chlorophyll.
    3. sunlight.
    4. microorganisms.
22. One major difference between plant and animal nutrition is the ability plants to synthesize
    1. food for plants and animals.
    2. water for plants.
    3. water for animals.
    4. food for plants only.
23. By what process is starch converted into maltose?
    1. Hydrolysis
    2. Condensation
    3. Translocation
    4. Photosynthesis
24. The ascent of water in tall trees is mainly due to
    1. adhesive forces.
    2. transpiration pull.
    3. root Pressure.
    4. cohesive forces.
25. The duodenum of a person was surgically removed. Which of the following food substances would have their digestion affected?
    1. Starch and protein only
    2. Starch and lipids
    3. Starch, peptones and maltose
    4. Starch, protein and lipids
26. Which of the following dental formulae represents the dentition in rabbits?
    1. $1{\tfrac {2}{1}}$ $C{\tfrac {0}{0}}$ $P{\tfrac {3}{2}}$ $M{\tfrac {3}{3}}$
    2. $1{\tfrac {2}{2}}$ $C{\tfrac {1}{1}}$ $P{\tfrac {2}{2}}$ $M{\tfrac {3}{3}}$
    3. $1{\tfrac {1}{2}}$ $C{\tfrac {0}{0}}$ $P{\tfrac {2}{3}}$ $M{\tfrac {3}{3}}$
    4. $1{\tfrac {2}{1}}$ $C{\tfrac {0}{1}}$ $P{\tfrac {3}{2}}$ $M{\tfrac {3}{3}}$
27. The property of soil demonstrated is
    1. particle size.
    2. capillarity.  
    3. colour.
    4. texture.
28. Which of the following statements would be a correct observation at the end of the experiment? Water moves
    1. highest in sandy soil.
    2. lowest in loamy soil.
    3. to the same level in all soil types.
    4. highest in clayey soil.  
29. The most important factor(s) that influence(s) the ecological niche of an organism is/are the 
    1. water, light and predator-prey relationship.
    2. food and water availability.
    3. physical environment.
    4. competition for food and space.
30. The diagram below is an illustration of organisms in an air-tight aquarium. The most important factor needed by the organisms is
    1. light energy.
    2. low humidity.
    3. oxygen.
    4. nitrate.
31. Which of the following instruments is used to determine the turbidity of water?
    1. Hygrometer
    2. Hydrometer
    3. Secchi disc
    4. Rain gauge
32. In an Ecosystem, the least efficient energy transfer link is from the
    1. secondary consumers to decomposers.
    2. sun to producers.
    3. primary consumers to secondary consumers.
    4. producer to primary consumers.
33. Xerophytes have the following characteristics aimed at conserving water except
    1. thick cuticle.
    2. broad leaf surfaces.
    3. Sunken stomata.
    4. waxy cuticle.
34. An association between living organisms in which one lives on and feeds at the expense of the other is known as
    1. commensalism.
    2. predation.
    3. parasitism.
    4. mutualism.
35. When large numbers of organisms share limited space and resources, the immediate result is
    1. extinction.
    2. emigration.
    3. competition.
    4. immigration.
36. Which of the following diseases is caused by a bacterium?
    1. Ringworm
    2. Poliomyelitis
    3. Syphilis
    4. Malaria
37. Conservation of wildlife is necessary mainly because
    1. wild species cannot resist diseases than their domesticated species.
    2. many predator wild animals help in the control of pests.
    3. it prevents the extinction of species.
    4. many people derive pleasure from observing wild animals.  

Two unconscious patients X and Y whose blood group genotypes: are AO and AB respectively were transfused with blood from the same donor. Patient X immediately showed signs of difficulty in breathing while patient Y showed no negative reaction. Use the information above to answer questions 38 and 39.

38. Patients X and Y were likely transfused with blood of genotype
    1. OO
    2. AO
    3. BO
    4. AA
39. What should the hospital have done to prevent patient X from showing the symptom described above? patient should have
    1. undergone an agglutination test.
    2. been asked for the blood group.
    3. been screened for HIV
    4. Undergone malaria test.
40. The greatest Contribution to genetic studies was made by
    1. Gregor Mendel.
    2. Thomas Morgan.
    3. Charles Darwin
    4. Robert Hooke.
41. The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes is called
    1. crossing over.
    2. back cross.
    3. test cross.
    4. mutation.
The diagrams below are illustrations of the inheritance of coat colour in mice. J, K, L, M and N are parents. The cross between two parent mice gave rise to offspring P, Q, R and S. Study the diagrams and answer questions 42 and 43.
42. Which parent mouse heterozygous for coat colour?
    1. M
    2. J
    3. K
    4. L
43. Which of the offspring are all homozygous?
    1. P
    2. Q
    3. S
    4. R
44. Genes that remain Iinked are those
    1. close to each other on the chromosomes.
    2. on the same locus on the chromosomes
    3. on the homologous chromosome.
    4. which are allelic pair.
45. A plant cell has 14 chromosomes prior to mitosis. What is the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells’
    1. 14
    2. 56
    3. 28
    4. 7
46. The chemical bond that holds the bases of the two strands of DNA together is
    1. oxygen bond.
    2. hydrogen bond.
    3. electrovalent bond.
    4. covalent bond.
47. Who proposed the theory in the illustration?
    1. Louis Pasteur
    2. Gregor Mendel
    3. Robert Hooke
    4. Jean Lamarck
48. The theory supports
    1. struggle for survival.
    2. natural selection.
    3. independent assortment
    4. the use and disuse of body parts.
49. In evolution, fossils are naturally preserved in
    1. rocks.
    2. water.
    3. chemicals.
    4. trees.
50. Which of the following insects is not a social insect
    1. Termite
    2. Housefly
    3. Honeybee
    4. Ant

Biology 2 - Theory Questions

Section A - For All Candidates

1. 1. Explain briefly how the structure of each of the following cells relate to their functions:
      1. Sperm cell.
      2. Palisade cell.
   2. Make a drawing 8 cm — 10 cm long of the front view of the female reproductive system in humans and label fully.
   3. State two differences between reproduction in mammals and in amphibians.
   4. State two methods of birth control in humans.
2. 1. Name the gases involved in the photosynthesis of a plant.
   2. State one role each of the gases named in2(a).
   3. 1. What is a variegated leaf?
      2. Which part of the variegated leaf would test positive when treated with iodine solution?
      3. State two reasons for the answer in 2(c)(ii).
      4. Name one mineral element required by plants for the formation of the part that would test positive in 2(c)(ii).
   4. The table below indicates different methods by which organisms obtain food. Place the following organisms under the headings in the table below: Human, Mushroom, Venus flytrap, Waterleaf plant, Tapeworm, Elephant grass, Housefly, Lichen, Spirogyra,  Rhizopus.

   Mode of Nutrition

   Holozoic	Parasitic	Symbiotic	Saprophytic	Autotrophic

   
   

3. 1. Explain briefly the following terms:
      1. renewable natural resources.
      2. non renewable natural resources.
   2. Give two examples each of:
      1. renewable natural resources.
      2. non-renewable natural resources.
   3. State five ways of conserving forests.
   4. State four effects of adding animal manure to garden soil.
   5. Give the possible genotypes in humans.
4. 1. Explain briefly the following terms:
      1. gene
      2. hybrid
      3. trait
   2. Two heterozygous yellow flowers are crossed. Using a genetic diagram; state the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the first filial generation.
   3. State four transmittable characters in plants.

Section C - For Candidates In Nigeria Only

6. 1. 1. Explain briefly chemosynthesis as a mode of nutrition.
      2. Give two examples of organisms that carry out chemosynthesis.
   2. List three gases in the atmosphere with their percentage composition.
      

   Gases in the atmosphere	Percentage composition

   
   

   3. 1. State four characteristics of a salt marsh habitat.
      2. Explain briefly how plants are modified for anchorage Gases in the atmosphere in a salt marsh habitat.
   4. 1. List four bacterial diseases associated with poor food hygiene.
      2. State three effects of poor food hygiene.
   5. A persons was involved in a car accident and became unconscious due to excessive blood loss. Explain briefly how the blood lost could be restored.
   6. State three differences between tillage and bush burning as farming practices.

Tillage	Bush burning

Biology 3 - Practical Questions

Section A - For All Candidates

1. Study Specimens A and B and answer questions 1(a) to 1(c).
   1. 1. Name the habitat of each of specimens A and B
      2. Name the adult stage into which each of each of specimens A and B
      3. Name the Phylum and Class common to the adult stages of specimens A and B
   2. State Three observable features of biological significance in:
      1. Specimen A
      2. Specimen B
   3. 1. State four observable features of differences between specimens A and B.
      2. State three observable similarities between specimens A and B.
2. Study specimens C, D and E and answer questions 2(a) to 2(c).
   1. 1. Name the organism from which each of specimens C, D and E are obtained.
      2. State the function common to specimens C, D and E.
      3. State three observable features which adapt specimen C to its function.
   2. 1. State two observable structural similarities in specimens C and D.
      2. State three observable structural differences between specimens C and D
   3. Make a drawing, 6 cm to 8 cm long of specimen C and label fully.

Section C - For Candidates in Nigeria Only

4. Study specimens K and L and answer questions 4(a) to 4(f).
   1. 1. Name the floral parts of specimen K.
      2. Indicate the number of floral parts in each whorl of specimen K.
   2. 1. Name the sex of specimen K.
      2. Give one reason for the answer in 4(b)(i).
   3. 1. What is the symmetry of specimen K?
      2. Give one reason for the answer in 4(c)(i).
   4. Name one pollinating agent of each of specimens K and L.
   5. State four observable differences between specimens K and L.
   6. Make a drawing 8 cm - 10 cm long of the longitudinal section of of specimen K and label fully.